HANFORD WATCH NEWSLETTER
June 28, 1999


TANK WASTE VITRIFICATION CONTRACT
Lynn Porter – June 27, 1999
DOE will eventually sign a contract with British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. to vitrify (turn into glass logs) Hanford’s radioactive tank wastes. The proposed contract is somewhat controversial. Old Hanford contracts were "cost-plus" – the contractor got paid whether they got anything done or not. Under the currently proposed "privatization" contract, BNFL would only get paid when it actually starts producing glass logs in 2008.

Between now and then the government has to set aside enough money to pay for the logs, or to repay investors in the vitrification plant if the government should default on the project. With BNFL borrowing billions of dollars from investors for several years, substantial amounts of interest are involved, increasing the total cost. There are doubts as to whether Congress will appropriate enough money for the set aside fund.

We asked Todd Martin, a consultant and expert on Hanford’s tanks, to tell us how the contract could be made more workable. His response is below.


CHANGING THE VITRIFICATION CONTRACT
Todd Martin – June 21, 1999
The problem that Gerry Pollet has pointed out time and again is that the rates of borrowing private money are much greater than the rate at which the government can borrow money. Also, the way the contract is set up, it requires BNFL to carry huge amounts of capital at that higher rate for a very long time since BNFL doesn't get paid until they produce glass. So, the example here is that BNFL is currently doing a $300+ million design that they won't get paid for until at least 2008 -- that adds up to a lot of interest over the years.

So what DOE should do is, (1) reduce the interest rate being paid; (2) reduce the time that the government has to pay interest on the contractor's money; and (3) still maintain incentive for the contractor to complete the job.

The way to do this would be a mix of public and private financing somewhere between what DOE wants to do and what Gerry advocates. I'm not sure where the right line is. I'll leave that to the experts.

Second, DOE should make progress payments while still requiring a certain amount of contractor equity to ensure performance. In other words, when design is done, BNFL should be paid the agreed upon fixed price for design. Minus maybe 20% that would be held until glass was produced to maintain incentive. Then, when construction was satisfactorily completed, BNFL would be paid, again minus the 20%. And so on. In this way, the government isn't paying 10-15 year's worth of privately financed interest on several billion dollars. This would dramatically reduce costs without losing the important incentives.


HANFORD OFFICIALS DISPUTE SCIENTIST'S STRONTIUM REPORT
Tri-City Herald – June 28, 1999
A scientist hired by a Hanford watchdog group says he has detected high levels of a radioactive byproduct of plutonium near salmon spawning beds along the Columbia River's Hanford Reach. This spring, Norm
Buske used a Geiger counter to detect radioactive strontium 90 in mulberry bushes whose roots reach into the Columbia. Hanford has been tracking a widening plume of strontium 90 in this area. However, Buske's report uses the results from those readings to theorize that an underground channel or "stream" -- 50 feet wide or less -- is speeding concentrated amounts of nonradioactive chromium and radioactive strontium 90 to the Columbia River faster than those chemicals in the plume.

Buske's report calculates that the average strontium reading along the river shore east and southeast of H Reactor is 70 picocuries per liter of ground water. At eight picocuries per liter, the risk of bone cancer increases for someone steadily drinking that water. A 1997 Department of Energy annual environmental report -- the latest available -- noted a reading of 51 picocuries per liter in the area Buske studied.
http://www.tri-cityherald.com/news/1999/0628.html#anchor596920


REPORT CRITICIZES HANFORD CLEANUP
Seattle Post-Intelligencer – June 25, 1999
Despite evidence that soil and ground water contamination at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation may be threatening juvenile salmon and causing rashes on Native Americans fishing in the area, the government still isn't doing enough to clean up the contamination, according to a new report. The report warns that contamination heading for the Columbia River from Hanford has concentrations of chromium at levels 25 times higher than that known to damage juvenile salmon.

The study found that the Department of Energy continues to rely on the general philosophy that when ground water or soil is contaminated, water or soil should be pumped or excavated. But increasingly, scientists have concluded that those methods are often ineffective. Instead, they stress new technologies that treat contaminants without removing them. For example, electrical fields can be used to extract metal and radionuclide contaminants from soil, while steam can be used to move contaminants into recovery wells.
http://www.spokane.net/news-story.asp?date=062599&ID=s599077&cat=section.Environment


HANFORD CLEANUP NEEDS TECHNOLOGY
Seattle Post-Intelligencer editorial -- June 27, 1999
Even though DOE spends between $5.6 billion and $7.2 billion per year on cleanup, Congress has seen fit to give it a pitiful sum for research on more effective technologies. The DOE office responsible for developing innovative cleanup technologies had its budget cut from $82.1 million in 1994 to $14.7 million last year. This year, it rose to $25 million. Even so, the committee said it's nowhere near enough to pay for the necessary field tests of promising technologies.

Private industry has developed new approaches that neutralize or immobilize the contaminants where they are, the report said. But institutional inertia prevents them from being adopted by the department. The financial rewards for the private contractors who do the cleanup work at sites such as Hanford lie in persisting in using old methods that don't work. Otherwise, they would gamble on new methods that would get the job done but that haven't gone through an interminable bureaucratic vetting process.
http://www.seattle-pi.com/opinion/haned.shtml


NUCLEAR CLEANUPS FALL SHORT
By Mary Manning Las Vegas Sun -- June 25, 1999
The Department of Energy has spent billions of dollars on ground water and soil cleanups at the nation's nuclear weapons facilities, but current methods fail to clean up persistent contaminants, a national panel said. The main problem hampering DOE progress is reduced funding, the report said. Congress cut the cleanup budget from $82.1 million in 1994 to $14.7 million in 1998.

The DOE needs to concentrate on the most promising cleanup methods and develop new technologies that work for both radiation and chemical pollutants under shrinking federal budgets, the National Academy of Sciences said in a report released late Thursday. "The technology that often is used to remediate contaminated sites is simply ineffective and unable to accomplish the massive job that needs to be done," said committee chair C. Herb Ward, a Rice University professor of environmental science, engineering, ecology and evolutionary biology.
http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/text/1999/jun/25/508976061.html


HANFORD CONVERTS SCRAP PLUTONIUM INTO SAFER FORMS
The Spokesman-Review -- June 25, 1999
Efforts to make Hanford's stock of radioactive plutonium safer are moving forward again. Art Clark, B&W Hanford Co. president, said Hanford's Plutonium Finishing Plant workers have regrouped after a two-year halt and begun converting the facility's 4.4 tons of scrap plutonium into safer forms. In January, the bulk of the plutonium began going through muffle furnaces, which bake the plutonium into a more benign powder. Safety concerns have delayed the completion target date of the plutonium neutralization from May 2002 to October 2004.
http://www.spokane.net/news-story-body.asp?Date=062599&ID=s599029&cat=


THE NEWSLETTER
The Seattle Times -- June 25, 1999
In the Tri-Cities, the worst of the Hanford cutback is over. The unemployment rate was down to 7.1 percent in March from 8.7 percent in February. Jobs were up 1.7 percent this March compared with March a year ago.
http://archives.seattletimes.com/cgi-bin/texis.mummy/web/vortex/display?storyID=377572f57&query=Hanford


ENERGY'S STATUS FACES ATTACK
The Augusta Chronicle – June 27, 1999
Some nuclear-watchdog groups also cautioned against restructuring the Energy Department. In particular, many activists warned against plans to place Energy missions under the jurisdiction of the Defense Department. A better idea would place environmental cleanup at some Energy Department facilities under the control of citizens who live near the plants, said Tom Carpenter, West Coast director for the Government Accountability Project.

``We would favor getting the Energy Department out of Hanford Site and out of Rocky Flats and other sites where there is no mission other than cleanup, and appointing a local control board to oversee the cleanup in the interests of that region,'' Mr. Carpenter said. Lesser federal agencies, such as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, could take over other aspects of the Energy Department's work, he said.
http://augustachronicle.com/stories/062899/met_066-6211.000.shtml


DOE CULTURE
William Kinsella – June 20, 1999
As far as the DOE culture goes, you might want to have a look at William Safire's op-ed piece in this past Thursday's New York Times (6/17, p.A31). Safire, not known as a liberal commentator, calls it a "Culture of Arrogance." He quotes the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board report as follows:

"Saturated with cynicism, an arrogant disregard for authority, and a staggering pattern of denial...organizational disarray, managerial neglect...prevasive inefficiency..."

Two days earlier, on Tuesday, the Times ran an article about how the DOE was simply disregarding orders from the U.S. President regarding changes in security procedures. As I sat at the glassification meeting that same evening, listening to Mike Lawrence and Dick French discuss their ambitious plans for reorganizing the Hanford cleanup, I couldn't help comparing their ambitious goals to the picture in that article. Dick's "five points" included "direct control of the Office of River Protection budget," "full contracting authority," and "appropriate delegation of authority from DOE headquarters." But to make those things happen, they're going to have to buck a system that doesn't even take orders from the President.